HYUNDAI RECENT

6th November , 2009
Hyundai’s ‘Always Around’ campaign enters third consecutive year
New Delhi, November 6, 2009: With the novel idea of ‘Always There, Because We Care’ , Hyundai Motor India Ltd, the country’s largest passenger car exporter and the second largest car manufacturer, is back with its nationwide service initiative - ‘Always Around’ campaign in a mega avatar for the third consecutive year.Starting from November 8th the ‘Always Around’ campaign will provide free check-ups for its customers at convenient locations. Last year around 80,000 Hyundai vehicles across 6,000 locations attended the camp. This year, the ‘Always Around’ campaign has grown much wider in terms of locations and reach and will continue till December, 2009 covering 6,500 locations wherein Hyundai will be reaching out to around 90,000 customers in an effort to make them smile by ensuring that their car is in the best of condition. Around 4,000 vehicles across 270 locations nationwide are expected to attend the camp on the launch day itself. The mega ‘Always Around’ campaign will be conducted at various locations which customers in their normal course of life frequent on an everyday basis like Joggers Park, Shopping Malls, Apartments, Multiplexes, etc. The ‘Always Around’ campaign is truly innovative one as it reaches out to the customers at a time and a place where it is most convenient for them and at no extra cost. For example, while the customer might be busy shopping in a mall, his car is serviced and cleaned which saves both his time and money as it is a free service, and the advice that he gets from trained technicians helps him maintain his car even better.Along with the camp various value added services and schemes are offered e.g customer Referral Scheme, Hyundai Advantage, Health Check-Up Camps, customer education towards improving the vehicle mileage/performance, information related to Hyundai products, etc are also part of this campaign.Commenting on the campaign, Arvind Saxena, Sr. V P, Marketing & Sales, HMIL said, “At Hyundai it is our belief that owning a car is a special experience; and the experience should be one of delight. With Always Around campaigns, we offer our customers the most convenient after sales service. The positive feedback received from the campaign till now has encouraged us to value add by adding more locations and offering more attractive schemes and offers.”The ‘Always Around’ campaign will offer a comprehensive 17 point check-up and a thorough examination of the vehicle and services such as tyre and vehicle polishing, coolant and oil top-up. The Hyundai team will also collect suggestions and feedback on the performance of the vehicle & after sales service. The customers will also have a chance to see and test drive the latest Hyundai cars which would be there on display at the venue. This year Shell India has partnered with Hyundai as the recommended lubricant supplier for ‘Always Around’ activity throughout the year. There will be active participation from Shell India at various locations to support the event to enable them to take valuable feedback directly from the customers.About HMILHyundai Motor India Limited (HMIL) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hyundai Motor Company, South Korea and is the second largest car manufacturer and the largest passenger car exporter from India. HMIL presently markets 54 variants of passenger cars across segments. The Santro in the B segment, the Getz Prime, i10 and the Premium hatchback i20 in the B+ segment, the Accent and the Verna in the C segment, the Sonata in the E segment and the Tucson in the SUV segment.Hyundai Motor India, continuing its tradition of being the fastest growing passenger car manufacturer, registering total sales of 489,328 vehicles in the calendar year (CY) 2008, an increase of 49.6 percent over CY 2007. In the domestic market it clocked a growth of 22.4 percent as compared to 2007 with 245,397 units, while overseas sales grew by 92.5 percent, with exports of 243,931 units.HMIL`s fully integrated state-of-the-art manufacturing plant near Chennai boasts of the most advanced production, quality and testing capabilities in the country. In continuation of its commitment to provide the Indian customer with global technology, HMIL commissioned its second plant in February 2008 which produces an additional 300,000 units per annum, raising HMIL`s total production capacity to 600,000 units per annum.HMIL has invested to expand capacity in line with its positioning as HMC`s global export hub for compact cars. Apart from the expansion of production capacity, HMIL currently has 271 strong dealer network across India, which will be further bolstered in 2009.In 2008, HMIL also successfully completed 10 glorious years of operations in India and to commemorate its achievements, initiated a unique trans-continental drive from Delhi to Paris in two of its hugely popular i10 Kappa cars. The drive created automobile history by completing a distance of 10,000km in just 17 days after which the i10s were showcased at the Paris Motor Show in October. In fact it was at the Paris Motor Show that HMIL first unveiled the Hyundai i20 and the car received a phenomenal response from the auto enthusiasts across the world. Hyundai Motor India also accomplished the landmark of producing the fastest 20th lakh cars in India in 2008.Like 2008, the year 2007 had also been a significant year for Hyundai Motor India. It achieved a significant milestone by rolling out the fastest 400,000th export car. Hyundai exported to over 100 countries globally; even as it plans to continue its thrust in existing export markets, it is gearing up to step up its foray into new markets. 2007 also saw the launch of the i10 and yet another path-breaking record in its young journey by rolling out the fastest 1,500,000th car.Hyundai`s new model i10 made a clean sweep of all the `Car of the Year 2008` awards from the leading automotive magazines and TV channels like BS Motoring, CNBC-TV18 AutoCar, NDTV Profit Car & Bike India and Overdrive magazine. The i10 was also the choice of the discerning automotive media of the country as they conferred the prestigious `Indian Car of the Year` (ICOTY) award to the i10 as well.The Santro and the Accent also received the `TNS Voice of the Customer - 2008` award for the Premium Compact Car (Santro) and the Entry Mid size Car (Accent). In March 2008 it achieved yet another milestone by rolling out the fastest 500,000th export car.In 2007, the Hyundai Verna had also bagged some of the most prestigious awards starting with the Overdrive magazine`s `Car of the Year 2007`, the `Best Mid-size Car of the Year` award from NDTV Profit Car & Bike India, the `Best Value for Money Car` from CNBC Autocar and `Performance Car of the Year` from Business Standard Motoring.Hyundai cars have been a favorite at all awards ceremonies and has won many awards. The Sonata Embera won the `Executive Car of The Year 2006` award from Business Standard Motoring magazine and NDTV Profit Car & Bike India had declared the Tucson as the `SUV of The Year 2006`.Not only this, HMIL has also been awarded the benchmark ISO 14001 certification for its sustainable environment management practices.Corporate website: www.hyundai.co.inFor further information contact:

OVERVIEW OF C

C Programming Language - An Overview


Overview of C
C is a programming language. It it is a structured high level, machine independent language.
Dennis Ritchie invented C language.
It supports the programmer with a rich set of built-in functions and operators.
C is highly portable. C programs written on one computer can run on other computer without making any changes in the program.
Structured programming concept is well supported in C, this helps in dividing the programs into function modules or code blocks.

Basic structure of C programs

Header file declaration

Global declaration Section

Void Main() function section
{ Declaration Part;Executable Part;}
User defined function()
{
Stmts;
}


Every C program must have one main function. Enclosed in the main function is the declaration and executable parts.

In the declaration part we have all the variables.

There is atleast one statement in the executable part.

The two parts must appear between the opening and closing braces

User-defined functions are generally placed immediately after the main function although they may appear in any order.

For example
#include main() { /* Printing begins here */ printf (“C is a very good programming language.”); /* Printing ends here */ }




The first line is a preprocessor command which adds the stdio header file into our program. Actually stdio stands for standard input out, this header file supports the input-output functions in a program.
The second line main() tell the compiler that it is the starting point of the program, The opening and closing braces indicates the beginning and ending of the program. All the statements between these two braces form the function body. These statements are actually the C code which tells the computer to do something. Each statement is a instruction for the computer to perform specific task.
The /* .... */ is a comment and will not be executed, the compiler simply ignores this statement. These are essential since it enhances the readability and understandability of the program. It is a very good practice to include comments in all the programs to make the users understand what is being done in the program.
The printf() function is a standard inbuild function for printing a given line which appears inside the double quotes. Therefore in the standard output device we can see the following line
C is a very good programming language.

The next line is again a comment statement as explained earlier.
The closing brace indicates the end of the program.

The following basic steps is carried out in executing a C Program.

1. Type the C lanuage program.

2. Store the program by giving a suitable name and following it with an extension .c

3. Compile the program

4. Debug the errors if any, that is displayed during compile.

5. Run the program.

Character Set
The character set in C Language can be grouped into the following categories.

1. Letters – Upper case A-Z & Lower Case a-z2. Digits - 0-93. Special Characters – Like , * : ; etc4. White Spaces
Blank Space
Horizontal Tab
Carriage Return
New Line
Form Feed










Keywords and Identifiers

Every word in C language is a keyword or an identifier. Keywords in C language cannot be used as a variable name. They are specifically used by the compiler for its own purpose and they serve as building blocks of a c program.

The following are the Keyword set of C language.
.auto
.else
.register
.union
.break
.enum
.return
.unsigned
.case
.extern
.short
.void
.char
.float
.signed
.volatile
.const
.for
.size of
.while
.continue
.goto
.static
.
.default
.if
.struct
.
.do
.int
.switch
.
.double
.long
.typedef
.

some compilers may have additional keywords listed in C manual.

Identifiers or variables
Identifiers refers to the name of user-defined variables, array and functions.
A variable is a value that can change any time.
It is a memory location used to store a data value
The identifiers must conform to the following rules.

1. First character must be an alphabet (or underscore)2. Identifier names must consists of only letters, digits and underscore.3. A identifier name should have less than 31 characters.4. Any standard C language keyword cannot be used as a variable name.5. A identifier should not contain a space.

Example of variable names are

SunEmp_nameaverage1

Examples of Invalid Variable names are

1s3(area)%abc

Declaration of Variables
Every variable used in the program should be declared to the compiler. The declaration does two things.

Tells the compiler the variables name.
Specifies what type of data the variable will hold.

The general format of any declaration datatype v1, v2, v3, ……….. vn; Where v1, v2, v3 are variable names. Variables are separated by commas. A declaration statement must end with a semicolon. Example:

Int sum; Int number, salary; Double average, mean;

Declaring Variable as Constant
The values of some variable may be required to remain constant through-out the program. We can do this by using the qualifier const at the time of initialization. Example:

onst int class_size = 40;

The const data type qualifier tells the compiler that the value of the int variable class_size may not be modified in the program.

Volatile Variable
A volatile variable is the one whose values may be changed at any time by some external sources.

Example: volatile int num;
The value of data may be altered by some external factor, even if it does not appear on the left hand side of the assignment statement. When we declare a variable as volatile the compiler will examine the value of the variable each time it is encountered to see if an external factor has changed the value.

Constants
A constant value is the one which does not change during the execution of a program.
Types of Constants

1.Integer Constants2.Real Constants3.Single Character Constants4. String Constants

Integer Constants
An integer constant is a sequence of digits.
There are 3 types of integers namely decimal integer, octal integers and hexadecimal integer.
For example int a=7;

Real Constants
Real Constants consists of a fractional part in their representation.
Example of real constants are
0.0026-0.97435.29+487.0
Single Character Constants
A Single Character constant represent a single character which is enclosed in a pair of single quotation symbols.
All character constants have an equivalent integer value which are called ASCII Values.
Example for character constants are
'5'
'x'

String Constants
A string constant is a set of characters enclosed in double quotation marks.
The characters in a string constant sequence may be a alphabet, number, special character and blank space.
Example of string constants are
"VISHAL""1234""God Bless""!.....?"

Data Types

It tells what type of value in the variable
A data type that can have only one value at a time
C language data types can be broadly classified as Primary data type Derived data type User-defined data type

Primary data type
All C Compilers accept the following fundamental data types
Data type Specification Range of values

Integer int -32768 to +32767

Character Char -128 to 127

Floating Point float 3.4 e-38 to 3.4 e+38

Double double 1.7 e-308 to 1.7 e+308

Void void






Defining Symbolic Constants

A symbolic constant value can be defined as a preprocessor statement and used in the program as any other constant value.
The general form of a symbolic constant is # define symbolic_name value of constant Valid examples of constant definitions are : # define marks 100 # define total 50 # define pi 3.14159
These values may appear anywhere in the program, but must come before it is referenced in the program.

Introduction to Operators

An operator is a symbol which helps the user to command the computer to do a certain mathematical or logical manipulations.
Operators are used in C language program to operate on data and variables.
C has a rich set of operators which can be classified as

1. Arithmetic operators 2. Relational Operators 3. Logical Operators 4. Assignment Operators 5. Increments and Decrement Operators 6. Conditional Operators 7. Bitwise Operators 8. Special Operators

Arithmetic Operators
All the basic arithmetic operations can be carried out in C.
Both unary and binary operations are available in C language.
Unary operations operate on a singe operand, therefore the number 5 when operated by unary – will have the value –5.
Binary needs at least two operand
The operators are + , - , * , / , % (Modulus)
Examples of arithmetic operators are x + y x - y -x + y a * b + c -a * b etc., here a, b, c, x, y are known as operands.
The modulus operator is a special operator in C language which evaluates the remainder of the operands after division.

Example
#include void main()
{ int numb1, num2, sum, sub, mul, div, mod; //declaration of variables scanf (“%d %d”, &num1, &num2); //inputs the operands sum = num1+num2; //addition of numbers and storing in sum. printf(“\n Thu sum is = %d”, sum); //display the output sub = num1-num2; //subtraction of numbers and storing in sub. printf(“\n Thu difference is = %d”, sub); //display the output mul = num1*num2; //multiplication of numbers and storing in mul. printf(“\n Thu product is = %d”, mul); //display the output div = num1/num2; //division of numbers and storing in div. printf(“\n Thu division is = %d”, div); //display the output mod = num1%num2; //modulus of numbers and storing in mod. printf(“\n Thu modulus is = %d”, mod); //display the output }
Relational Operators
it is required to compare the relationship between operands and bring out a decision and program accordingly.
The relational operators are <,> , <=, >= ,==, !=
A simple relational expression contains only one relational operator and takes the following form. exp1 relational operator exp2 Where exp1 and exp2 are expressions, which may be simple constants, variables or combination of them.
Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to compare or evaluate logical and relational expressions.
Logical operators are && (AND), (OR) , !(Not)
Logical AND (&&)
This operator is used to evaluate 2 conditions or expressions with relational operators simultaneously. If both the expressions to the left and to the right of the logical operator is true then the whole compound expression is true. Example a > b && x = = 10 The expression to the left is a > b and that on the right is x == 10 the whole expression is true only if both expressions are true i.e., if a is greater than b and x is equal to 10.
Logical OR ()
The logical OR is used to combine 2 expressions or the condition evaluates to true if any one of the 2 expressions is true. Example a < m a < n The expression evaluates to true if any one of them is true or if both of them are true. It evaluates to true if a is less than either m or n and when a is less than both m and n.



Logical NOT (!)
The logical not operator takes single expression and evaluates to true if the expression is false and evaluates to false if the expression is true. In other words it just reverses the value of the expression. For example (x != y)
the expression returns true only if the value of x is not equal to y

Assignment Operators
The Assignment Operator evaluates an expression on the right of the expression and substitutes it to the value or variable on the left of the expression.
The Assignment Operators are =,+=,*=,-=,/=,%=
The form of assignment operators are .
var oper = exp; Example x = a + b
Here the value of a + b is evaluated and substituted to the variable x. Increment and Decrement Operators
The increment and decrement operators are one of the unary operators which are very useful in C language.
They are extensively used in for and while loops.
The syntax of the operators is given below
1. ++ variable name 2. variable name++ 3. – –variable name 4. variable name– –
The increment operator ++ adds the value 1 to the current value of operand and the decrement operator – – subtracts the value 1 from the current value of operand.
For example m = 5; y = ++m; (prefix) In this case the value of y and m would be 6 Suppose if we rewrite the above statement as m = 5; y = m++; (post fix) then the value of y will be 5 and that of m will be 6.
A prefix operator first adds 1 to the operand and then the result is assigned to the variable on the left.
On the other hand, a postfix operator first assigns the value to the variable on the left and then increments the operand.

Conditional or Ternary Operator

The conditional operator consists of 2 symbols the question mark (?) and the colon (:)
The syntax for a ternary operator is as follows exp1 ? exp2 : exp3

The ternary operator works as follows
exp1 is evaluated first.
If the expression is true then exp2 is evaluated
If exp1 is false, exp3 is evaluated
Note that only one of the expression is evaluated. For example a = 10; b = 15; x = (a > b) ? a : b Here x will be assigned to the value of b. The condition follows that the expression is false therefore b is assigned to x.
o/P
nput 2 integers : 34 45 The largest of two numbers is 45

Bitwise Operators
C has a distinction of supporting special operators known as bitwise operators for manipulation data at bit level.
A bitwise operator operates on each bit of data.
Those operators are used for testing, complementing or shifting bits to the right on left.
Bitwise operators may not be applied to a float or double.
Bitwise operators are &{AND),{OR}, ^(EXCLUSIVE), >> (shift right)
<< (shift left)
Special Operators

The Comma Operator
The size of Operator

The Comma Operator
The comma operator can be used to link related expressions together.
A comma-linked list of expressions are evaluated left to right and value of right most expression is the value of the combined expression.
for example the statement value = (x = 10, y = 5, x + y);
First assigns 10 to x and 5 to y and finally assigns 15 to value. Since comma has the lowest precedence in operators the parenthesis is necessary. Some examples of omma operator are

In for loops:

for (n=1, m=10, n <=m; n++,m++)

In while loops

While (c=getchar(), c != ‘10’)

Exchanging values t = x, x = y, y = t;

The size of Operator
The operator size of gives the size of the data type or variable in terms of bytes occupied in the memory.
the operand may be a variable, a constant or a data type qualifier.
Example
m = sizeof (sum); n = sizeof (long int); k = sizeof (235L);
The size of operator is normally used to determine the lengths of arrays and structures when their sizes are not known to the programmer.
It is also used to allocate memory space dynamically to variables during the execution of the program.

Decision Making – Branching

Branching
C language provides statements that can alter the flow of a sequence of instructions. These statements are called control statements.
These statements help to jump from one part of the program to another. The control transfer may be conditional or unconditional.

if Statement:

The simplest form of the control statement is the If statement.
It is very frequently used in decision making and allowing the flow of program execution.

The If structure has the following syntax
if (condition)statement;

The statement is any valid C’ language statement and the condition is any valid C’ language expression,frequently logical operators are used in the condition statement.
The condition part should not end with a semicolon, since the condition and statement should be put together as a single statement.
If the condition is true then perform the following statement
If the condition is fake the computer skips the statement and moves on to the next instruction in the program.

Example program
int i;
printf ("Type in an integer");
scanf ("%ld",&i);
if (i == 0) printf ("The number was zero");
if (i > 0) printf ("The number was positive");
if (i < 0) printf ("The number was negative");





The If else construct:
It is a two-way branching statement
The syntax of the If else construct is as follows:-
if (condition)
statements
else
statements

If the result of the condition is true, then program statement 1 is executed, otherwise program statement 2 will be executed.
If any case either program statement 1 is executed or program statement 2 is executed but not both
For example
// To check the given number is positive or not
int i;
scanf ("%ld",i);
if (i > 0)
{
printf ("That number was positive!");
}
else
{
printf ("That number was negative or zero!");
}

Nested if Statement
The if statement may itself contain another if statement is known as nested if statement.

Syntax:
if (condition1) if (condition2) statement-1; else statement-2;else statement-3;

One block of code will only be executed if two conditions are true. Condition 1 is tested first and then condition 2 is tested.
The second if condition is nested in the first.
The second if condition is tested only when the first condition is true else the program flow will skip to the corresponding else statement.
For example
if (i > 2)
{
if (i < 4)
{
printf ("i is three");
}
}
Multiple condition testing
It is possible to test two or more conditions at once in an “if statement” with the use of the AND (&&) operator. Example:
if ( a > 10 && b > 20 && c < 10 )
If a is greater then ten and b is greater then twenty and c
Is smaller then ten, do something. So all three conditions
must be true, before something happens.
With the OR ( ) operator you can test if one of two conditions are true. Example:

if ( a = 10 b < 20 )
if a equals ten or b is smaller then twenty then do something.
So if a or b is true, something happens

The ELSE If Ladder

When a series of many conditions have to be checked we may use the ladder else if statement which takes the following general form.
Syntax
if (condition1) statement – 1; else if (condition2) statement2; else if (condition3) statement3; else if (condition) statement n; else default statement; statement-x;

This construct is known as if else construct or ladder. The conditions are evaluated from the top of the ladder to downwards.
As soon on the true condition is found, the statement associated with it is executed and the control is transferred to the statement – x (skipping the rest of the ladder. When all the condition becomes false, the final else containing the default statement will be executed
Example program using If else ladder to grade the student



include //include the standard stdio.h header file
void main () //start the function main
{
int marks //variable declaration

printf ("Enter marks\n") //message to the user
scanf ("%d", &marks) //read and store the input marks.

if (marks <= 100 && marks >= 70) //check whether marks is less than 100 or greater than 70
printf ("\n Distinction") //print Distinction if condition is True
else if (marks >= 60) //else if the previous condition fails Check
printf("\n First class") //whether marks is > 60 if true print Statement
else if (marks >= 50) //else if marks is greater than 50 print
printf ("\n second class") //Second class
else if (marks >= 35) //else if marks is greater than 35 print
printf ("\n pass class") //pass class
else
printf ("Fail") //If all condition fail apply default condition print Fail


The Switch Statement:
The switch statement allows a program to select one statement for execution out of a set of alternatives.
During the execution of the switch statement only one of the possible statements will be executed the remaining statements will be skipped.
The usage of multiple If else statement increases the complexity of the program since when the number of If else statements increase it affects the readability of the program and makes it difficult to follow the program.
The switch statement removes these disadvantages by using a simple and straight forward approach. The general format of the Switch Statement is :
switch (int or char expression)
{
case constant : statement;
break; /* optional */

case constant : statement;
break;
case constant : statement;
break;

default : statement;
break;
}

When the switch statement is executed the control expression is evaluated first and the value is compared with the case label values in the given order.
If the label matches with the value of the expression then the control is transferred directly to the group of statements which follow the label.
If none of the statements matches then the statement against the default is executed.
Sample Code
#include
void main ()
{
int num1, num2, result
char operator

printf ("Enter two numbers")
scanf ("%d %d", &num1, &num2)
printf ("Enter an operator")
scanf ("%c", &operator)
switch (operator)
{
case '+':
result = num1 + num2
break
case '-':
result = num1 - num2
break
default:
printf ("\n unknown operator")
result = 0

break
}
printf ("%d", result)
}
Copyright exforsys.com



In the above program the break statement is need after the case statement to break out of the loop and prevent the program from executing other cases.

Decision Making – Looping
During looping a set of statements are executed until some conditions for termination of the loop is encountered.
In looping process in general would include the following four steps 1. Setting and initialization of a counter 2. Exertion of the statements in the loop 3. Test for a specified conditions for the execution of the loop 4. Incrementing the counter
The test may be either to determine whether the loop has repeated the specified number of times or to determine whether the particular condition has been met.

The While Statement:
The simplest of all looping structure in C is the while statement. The general format of the while statement is:

while (test condition) { body of the loop }


Here the given test condition is evaluated and if the condition is true then the body of the loop is executed.
After the execution of the body, the test condition is once again evaluated and if it is true, the body is executed once again. This process of repeated execution of the body continues until the test condition finally becomes false and the control is transferred out of the loop.
Example program for generating ‘N’ Natural numbers using while loop:

void main()
{
int i;
i=0;
while(i < 10)
{
printf ("Hello\n");
i++;
}



}
The while loop then checks whether the value of I is less than n i.e., the user entered number if it is true then the control enters the loop body and prints the value of I using the printf statement and increments the value of I to the next natural number this process repeats till the value of I becomes equal to or greater than the number given by the user.


The Do while statement:
The do while loop tests at the bottom of the loop after executing the body of the loop. Since the body of the loop is executed first and then the loop condition is checked we can be assured that the body of the loop is executed at least once.
The syntax of the do while loop is:

Do { statement; } while(expression);
the statement is executed, then expression is evaluated. If the condition expression is true then the body is executed again and this process continues till the conditional expression becomes false.
When the expression becomes false. When the expression becomes false the loop terminates.
For example
void main()
{
int i;
i=0;
do
{
printf ("Hello\n");
i++;
}while(i < 10);

For Loop:
The for loop provides a more concise loop control structure. The general form of the for loop is:
for (initialization; test condition; increment/decrement) { body of the loop }
When the control enters for loop the variables used in for loop is initialized with the starting value such as I=0,count=0.
The value which was initialized is then checked with the given test condition.
if the given condition is satisfied the control enters the body of the loop or else it will exit the loop.
The body of the loop is entered only if the test condition is satisfied and after the completion of the execution of the loop the control is transferred back to the increment part of the loop.
The control variable is incremented using an assignment statement such as I=I+1 or simply I++ and the new value of the control variable is again tested to check whether it satisfies the loop condition. If the value of the control variable satisfies then the body of the loop is again executed. The process goes on till the control variable fails to satisfy the condition.
For example
void main()
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
printf ("Hello\n");
}

FUNCTION NOTES

Function
Definition
§ A function is a self-contained block or sub program which has one or more statements that will do the specific task when called

§ The best way to develop and maintain large programs is to construct them from smaller pieces or modules, each of which is more manageable than the original program.These smaller pieces are called functions
§ The functions are reusable

§ There are basically two categories of function:
Predefined functions
Available in the C / C++ standard library such as stdio.h, math.h, etc
User-defined functions
ü functions that the programmers create for specialized tasks
ü This is non-standard functions normally provided in the non-standard libraries.

characteristics
A function is named with unique name.
ü By using the name, the program can execute the statements
contained in the function, a process known as calling the function.

ü A function can be called from within another function.

A function performs a specific task
A function is independent
A function may receive values from the calling program (caller)
ü Calling program can pass values to function for processing whether directly or indirectly (by reference).
A function may return a value to the calling program
ü A function may or may not return a value.
ü If function does not return a value, then the function return type is said to be of type void.
ü To return a value from a function, use return keyword, followed by C expression.
ü The value is passed back to the caller.


Syntax of Function definition
Return_type function_name(parameter 1,parameter 2..)
{

Function body // consists of declaration & executable part
}


ü The first line of every function is called function header. It has 3 components, as shown below:
ü Function body consists of the following
o Enclosed in curly braces, immediately follows the function header.
o When a function is called execution begins at the start of the function body and terminates (returns to the calling program) when a return statement is encountered or when execution reaches the closing braces (}).
o Variable declaration can be made within the body of a function.
o Variables declared in a function, are called local variables. The
scope, that is the visibility and validity of the variables are local.
o Outside of any functions, those variables are called global variables. Three rules govern the use of variables in functions:

1. To use a variable in a function, the programmer must declare it in the function header or the function body.
2. For a function to obtain a value from the calling program (caller), the value must be passed as an argument (the actual value).
3. For a calling program (caller) to obtain a value from function, the value must be explicitly returned from the called function (callee).

For example

// To Display the message Hello using Function

#include
Void main()
{
// function prototype
Void show();
;
;
show(); // function call

}

// function definition ; function contains the code that will be executed

Void show()
{
Printf(“Hello”);
}


O/P
Hello


§ When a program calls a function show , executions passed to the function show and display the message “ Hello” and then back to the calling program’s code.

Types of functions
1. Functions with no arguments and no return values.
2. Functions with arguments and no return values.
3. Functions with arguments and return values.
4. Functions with no arguments and return values
Functions with no arguments and no return value.
· No data can be passed to the called function. Similarly, function with no return type does not pass back data to the calling function.
· It is one of the simplest types of function in C.

For example
#include
#include
void main()
{
void printline()
clrscr();
printf("Welcome to function in C");
printline();
printf("Function easy to learn.");
printline();
getch();
}

void printline()
{
int i;
printf("\n");
for(i=0;i<30;i++)
{ printf("-"); }
printf("\n");
}

O/P
Welcome to function in C
----------------------------------
Function easy to learn.
----------------------------------
Functions with arguments and no return value.
· This type of function can accept data from calling function. In other words, you send data to the called function from calling function but you cannot send result data back to the calling function.
For example
#include
#include
void main()
{
void add(int x, int y)
clrscr();
add(30,15);
add(63,49);
add(9,1);
getch();
}
void add(int x, int y)
{
int result;
result = x+y;
printf("Sum of %d and %d is %d.\n\n",x,y,result);
}
O/P
Sum of 30 and 15 is 45
Sum of 63 and 49 is 112
Sum of 9 and 1 is 10
Functions with arguments and return value.
· This type of function can send arguments (data) from the calling function to the called function and wait for the result to be returned back from the called function back to the calling function.
· this type of function is mostly used in programming world because it can do two way communications; it can accept data as arguments as well as can send back data as return value.
· The data returned by the function can be used later in our program for further calculations.


For example
#include
#include
int add(int x, int y)
{
int result;
result = x+y;
return(result);
}
void main()
{
int z;
clrscr();
z = add(952,321);
printf("Result %d.\n\n",add(30,55));
printf("Result %d.\n\n",z);
getch();
}
O/P
Result 85
Result 85
Functions with no arguments but returns value.
· We may need a function which does not take any argument but only returns values to the calling function then this type of function is useful.
For example
#include
#include
void main()
{
int send() ;
int z;
clrscr();
z = send();
printf("\nYou entered : %d.", z);
getch();
}
int send()
{
int no1;
printf("Enter a no : ");
scanf("%d",&no1);
return(no1);
}
O/P
Enter a no 5
You entered :5



Types of Function

CAREERS IN CATERPILLAR

CareersTEAM CAT. TEAM POWER. When you join Caterpillar, you join a team of 200,000 people around the world—employees, dealer employees and suppliers. We speak over 100 languages, serve customers in 17 distinct industries and share the passion of experiencing and driving positive change.
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CATERPILLAR CAREERS
Caterpillar is rapidly growing in India with numerous of opportunities available for those wanting a challenging but rewarding career. Caterpillar’s leadership stems from its strong career development programs, flourishing worldwide presence and unmatched technological expertise. And, most importantly, our values—integrity, excellence, teamwork and commitment—guide us everywhere we operate. Our values set us apart as corporate citizens and as individuals. And they are the cornerstones of our business success.
Caterpillar India is made up of over 3,000 employees and is rapidly growing each day. In India, Caterpillar has numerous offices and manufacturing locations, including:
Bengaluru (Bangalore)
Chennai
Delhi/New Delhi
Hosur
Mumbai
Puducherry (Pondicherry)
Thiruvallur
Caterpillar India manufactures a wide range of products for use in India and around the world. These include engines and power generation, quarry and construction trucks, mining trucks, backhoe loaders, wheel loaders and a wide variety of related components. Additionally, our manufacturing footprint continues to expand with a number of other products planned as further expansion occurs in India.
Caterpillar India also offers a wide variety of service support groups that benefit Caterpillar in India, Asia Pacific and around the world. There are a number of opportunities available in these groups, including:
Engineering
Information Technology
Marketing & Product Support
Human Resources
Global Purchasing
Legal
Logistics
Our success in India, and around the world, is a reflection of our employees. We are constantly looking for talent individuals to join Team Caterpillar in India

PRODUCT AND APPLICATION OF CATERPILLAR

In emerging economies, Caterpillar machinery is being used to build the roads, airports, hospitals and sewer systems that create economic opportunity and raise standards of living. In developed economies, Caterpillar and its network of dealers are partnering with customers to find new and innovative solutions that ensure you always have a competitive advantage.
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All of our products share the Caterpillar pedigree of deep industry insight and cutting-edge technology. By listening to our customers and focusing on their specific needs, we are able to continually build innovative products for each of our industries—from mining and construction to marine and forestry. This explains why our products have become the industry standard for productivity, efficiency, cost-effectiveness and environmental responsibility. Our customer-focused approach also extends to the way Caterpillar and Caterpillar dealers offer the very best in rental, financial and used equipment options to maximize our customers' success.

Products



» • Machines

The Caterpillar equipment product line, consisting of more than 300 machines, sets the standard for our industry. We plan to help you meet your needs with our equipment, with our distribution and product support system, and the continual introduction and updating of products.
» • Engines

Caterpillar is the world's largest manufacturer of medium speed engines, as well as one of the world's largest manufacturers of high speed diesel engines, with ratings available from 54 to 13,600 hp (40 to 10,000 kW).
» • Work Tools

Work Tools tailor Cat machines to the specific requirements of a customer's working needs. Caterpillar work tools enhance productivity and utility of Caterpillar machines, equipping them for a wide range of tasks and operating requirements, and providing total system solutions for any job application.

Overview
Since its inception over 80 years ago, Caterpillar has grown to be the world's largest maker of construction and mining equipment, diesel and natural gas engines, and industrial gas turbines. In partnership with our worldwide dealer network, we drive positive and sustainable change on every continent. We deliver products, services and technologies in three principal lines of business: Machinery, Engines and Financial Products. As a global, diverse technology leader, Cat commits to excellence in all that we do. We are proud to be a leader in building the world's infrastructure, and in enabling progress for millions of people around the globe.
Watch "This is Cat." Explore the reach and impact of Caterpillar.

ABOUT DELPHI TVS

Company Profile


Delphi-TVS is a joint venture between Delphi Corporation, USA and T.V. Sundaram Iyengar & Sons, India manufacturing Diesel Fuel Injection Equipment for Cars, Sports Utility and Multi Utility Vehicles, Light Commercial Vehicles, Tractors, Single & Two Cylinder engines. Delphi is the largest automotive supplier in the world and TVS is the largest automotive systems supplier in India. The company has a track record of sustained growth since it was set up. Delphi-TVS has obtained ISO/TS 16949 and ISO 14000 certifications. The company has been honoured by the ACMA Gold Award for Manufacturing Excellence, ACMA Technology Award, Manufacturing Excellence Gold Award from Frost & Sullivan and Delphi Asia Pacific Environmental Excellence Award. Delphi-TVS has also won the JIPM TPM Excellence Award (First Category).Delphi-TVS has invested extensively on facilities, which include engine test cells, emissions test equipment, endurance test rigs, pump calibrating rigs and CAD systems to develop products and applications to meet the ever increasing demands of customer requirement.

A new Technical Centre has been set up with additional facilities like Chassis Dynamometer, Cold Room, CR Engine Test Cell and CR Test Rigs.


The company has 1000 employees and its annual turnover for year 2007 isof the order of Rs.430 Crores.

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